India Textile Industry Faces Huge Investment In The Past Few Years.
目前,印度紡織工業(yè)正在經(jīng)歷一場(chǎng)巨大的危機(jī)。紡織工業(yè)幾年前投入的10000億盧比面臨打水漂的危險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)印度紡織工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)報(bào)告,如果政府不及時(shí)為紡織工業(yè)提供幫助的話,紡織工業(yè)將面臨滅頂之災(zāi)。
其代價(jià)非常高。紡織工業(yè)為國(guó)家創(chuàng)造的直接和間接就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)最大,直接就業(yè)人員3500萬(wàn)人,間接從業(yè)人員4700萬(wàn)人,2007-08財(cái)年出口達(dá)到220億美元,在世界紡織貿(mào)易中的比重為4%。
紡織工業(yè)的制造業(yè)附加值貢獻(xiàn)率為14%。到2012年,紡織工業(yè)具備再創(chuàng)造1200萬(wàn)個(gè)直接就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)和500萬(wàn)個(gè)間接就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的潛力。同時(shí),還具備將出口擴(kuò)大到500億美元的潛力,印度的世界貿(mào)易比重將提高到6%。
但是,自從去年(2007-08)年以來(lái),紡織工業(yè)受到外部因素的影響,而非自身因素。印度盧比持續(xù)升值,利率成本不斷北上。原油價(jià)格上漲,也加大了紡織工業(yè)的原料成本,而原料是紡織工業(yè)生產(chǎn)投資中的一大部分。
同時(shí),2008年下半年,全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)爆發(fā),紡織工業(yè)形勢(shì)每況愈下,全球市場(chǎng)需求疲軟,紡織工業(yè)面臨前所未有的惡劣環(huán)境。與此同時(shí),政府把棉花最低扶持價(jià)格上調(diào)25-40%,國(guó)內(nèi)棉花價(jià)格進(jìn)一步飆升,紡織工業(yè)的日子猶如雪上加霜。
同時(shí),TUFS和TED安排資金的支付被推遲,導(dǎo)致紡織企業(yè)流動(dòng)資金緊張。僅僅幾個(gè)月,紡織出口和生產(chǎn)就出現(xiàn)負(fù)增長(zhǎng),大多企業(yè)嚴(yán)重虧損,只有少數(shù)企業(yè)有微薄的利潤(rùn)。
據(jù)報(bào)道,紡織工業(yè)在僅僅幾個(gè)月時(shí)間里就損失700,000個(gè)工作機(jī)會(huì),到本財(cái)年(2008-09)年底,失業(yè)人員數(shù)量預(yù)期達(dá)到100萬(wàn)。但是,既然有負(fù)面因素,也就有積極因素。對(duì)于紡織工業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō),這將是一個(gè)黃金時(shí)機(jī),如果政府及時(shí)提供幫助,紡織工業(yè)就可以借機(jī)夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ),把危機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)變為機(jī)遇。
紡織工業(yè)正在逐漸遷出北美、歐洲和日本,同時(shí),中國(guó)、巴基斯坦和土耳其正在步入一個(gè)非常困難的時(shí)期,這可能導(dǎo)致紡織業(yè)務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)入其它亞洲國(guó)家,如越南、柬埔寨、孟加拉和斯里蘭卡,因此,印度有可能成為紡織工業(yè)的遷入目的地,因?yàn)槿蛭C(jī)對(duì)印度造成的影響還不算太嚴(yán)重。
但政府宣布的兩項(xiàng)刺激方案影響力很小。現(xiàn)在,紡織工業(yè)期望政府幫助他們度過(guò)危機(jī),就像中國(guó)政府為本國(guó)紡織服裝工業(yè)所做那樣,2008年中國(guó)政府連續(xù)三次上調(diào)出口退稅率,同時(shí),還為紡織服裝工業(yè)提供其它補(bǔ)貼和激勵(lì)。
If the government takes measures, the textile industry in India will be able to gain a foothold. If the government's support policy can be extended for two years, the textile and garment industry can create 2 million 500 thousand more jobs.
同時(shí),2009-10財(cái)年的出口將有望增長(zhǎng)10%,印度在全球紡織貿(mào)易的比重將從目前的4%提高到6%。而最大的好處是,紡織工業(yè)前幾年投入的10000億盧比就淪為不良資產(chǎn)。
Editor: vivi
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